Understanding of management as art, science and profession

Understanding of management as art, science and profession

Management as an art

art is the knowledge of how to achieve the desired results. he is a skill acquired from experience, observation and learning and the ability to use knowledge management. art of management requires creativity, on the basis and the terms of a sense of management science.
so therefore, science and art of management is its complement respectively. needs to be a balance between the both. but the art of management is referred to as an application of science skills in the implementation of activities to achieve goals in wills

Management as a science

science is the accumulation of knowledge that has to do withdisistimatisir which also includes kebeneran general phenomenon.subject, object or situation. management can thus be viewed as a science, because it is a collection of knowledge in the form ofprinciples that are the basis of general truths fandamental.

and knowledge can be considered as having qualified science of science, which has the object identifier, arranged systematically,can be learned and taught. using scientific methods. can be made in a theory and be objective and free from prejudice.

Management as a profession

Definition of Management as a profession more focused on the activities carried out by a number of people or managers withspecific expertise. If people have a certain skill, certainly can obtainstatus and incentives if involved in an organization. Known as aprofessional management group if they work in an organization by using the expertise or skills.
Professionalism of management can be classified into a profession that does require a certain expertise and skills andexpertise or skill position and is recognized society.

Over a large few decades, factors such as growing size of business unit, separation of ownership from management, growing competition etc have led to an increased demand for professionally qualified managers. The task of manager has been quite specialized. As a result of these developments the management has reached a stage where everything is to be managed professionally.

A profession may be defined as an occupation that requires specialized knowledge and intensive academic preparations to which entry is regulated by a representative body. The essentials of a profession are:

1. Specialized Knowledge - A profession must have a systematic body of knowledge that can be used for development of professionals. Every professional must make deliberate efforts to acquire expertise in the principles and techniques. Similarly a manager must have devotion and involvement to acquire expertise in the science of management.
2. Formal Education & Training - There are no. of institutes and universities to impart education & training for a profession. No one can practice a profession without going through a prescribed course. Many institutes of management have been set up for imparting education and training. For example, a CA cannot audit the A/C’s unless he has acquired a degree or diploma for the same but no minimum qualifications and a course of study has been prescribed for managers by law. For example, MBA may be preferred but not necessary.
3. Social Obligations - Profession is a source of livelihood but professionals are primarily motivated by the desire to serve the society. Their actions are influenced by social norms and values. Similarly a manager is responsible not only to its owners but also to the society and therefore he is expected to provide quality goods at reasonable prices to the society.
4. Code of Conduct - Members of a profession have to abide by a code of conduct which contains certain rules and regulations, norms of honesty, integrity and special ethics. A code of conduct is enforced by a representative association to ensure self discipline among its members. Any member violating the code of conduct can be punished and his membership can be withdrawn. The AIMA has prescribed a code of conduct for managers but it has no right to take legal action against any manager who violates it.
5. Representative Association - For the regulation of profession, existance of a representative body is a must. For example, an institute of Charted Accountants of India establishes and administers standards of competence for the auditors but the AIMA however does not have any statuary powers to regulate the activities of managers.

From above discussion, it is quite clear that management fulfills several essentials of a profession, even then it is not a full fledged profession because: -

1. It does not restrict the entry in managerial jobs for account of one standard or other.
2. No minimum qualifications have been prescribed for managers.
3. No management association has the authority to grant a certificate of practice to various managers.
4. All managers are supposed to abide by the code formulated by AIMA,
5. Competent education and training facilities do not exist.
6. Managers are responsible to many groups such as shareholders, employees and society. A regulatory code may curtail their freedom.
7. Managers are known by their performance and not mere degrees.
8. The ultimate goal of business is to maximize profit and not social welfare. That is why Haymes has rightly remarked, “The slogan for management is becoming - ’He who serves best, also profits most’.”

Why You Need Management.........?

Manajemen berasal dari kata (to manage) yang artinya mengatur. pengaturan dilakukan melalui proses dan diatur berdasarkan suatu proses untuk mewujudkan tujuan yang diinginkan. Dengan demikian manajemen mengadakan koordinasi atas sejumlah aktifitas orang lain yang meliputi perencanaan,pengorganisasian,penempatan,pengarahan dan pengadilan.

Jika kita tarik kesimpulan diatas adalah.

1. Manajemen mempunyai tujuan yang dicapai.

2. Manajemen merupakan perpaduan antara ilmu dan seni

3. Manejemen merupakan proses yang sistematis,terkeoordininasi,koperatif dan terintregrasi dalam menempatkan unsur-unsurnya.

4. Manajemen bisa diterapkan apabila lebih dari dua orang melakukan kerjasama dari suatu organisasi.

5. Manajemen harus didasarkan pada pembagian kerja,tugas dan tanggung jawab.

6. Manajemen terdiri dari beberapa fungsi.

7. Manajemen hanya merupakan alat untuk mencapai tujuan.

contoh:
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